Name, Description and Features

1. Beginner
   
   • insecure with the concept of a terminal
   • has yet to learn the basics of vi
   • has not figured out how to get a directory
   • still has trouble with typing [RETURN] after each line of input

2. Novice
   
   • knows tha "ls" will produce a directory
   • uses the editor, but calls it "vye"
   • has heard of "C" but never used it
   • has had his first bad experience with rm
   • is wondering how to read his mail
   • is wondering why the person next to him seems to like Unix so very much.

3. User
   
   • uses vi and nroff, but inexpertly
   • has heard of regular expressions but never seen one.
   • has figured out that "-" precedes options
   • has attempted to write a C program and has decided to stick with pascal
   • is wondering how to move a directory
   • thinks that dbx is a brand of stereo component
   • knows how to read his mail and is wondering how to read the news

4. Knowlegable User
   
   • uses nroff with no trouble, and is beginning to learn tbl and eqn
   • uses grep to search for fixed strings
   • has figured out that mv(1) will move directories
   • has learned that "help" doesn't help
   • somebody has shown him how to write C programs
   • once used sed to do some text substitution
   • has seen dbx used but does not use it himself
   • thinks that make is a only for wimps

5. Expert
   
   • uses sed when necessary
   • uses macro"s in vi, uses ex when neccesary
   • posts news at every possible opportunity
   • write csh scripts occasionally
   • write C programs using vi and compiles with cc
   • has figured out what "&&" and "||" are for
   • thinks that human history started with "!h"

6. Hacker
   
   • uses sed and awk with comfort
   • uses undocumented features of vi
   • write C code with "cat >" and compiles with "!cc"
   • uses adb because he doesn't trust source debuggers
   • can answer questions about the user environment
   • writes his own nroff macros to supplement std. ones
   • write scripts for Bourne shell (/bin/sh)
   • knows how to install bug fixes

7. Guru
   
   • uses m4 and lex with comfort
   • writes assembly code with "cat >"
   • uses adb on the kernel while system is loaded
   • customizes utilities by patching the source
   • reads device driver source with his breakfast
   • can answer any unix question after a little thought
   • uses make for anything that requires two or more distinct commands to achieve
   • has learned how to breach security but no longer needs to try

8. Wizard
   
   • writes device drivers with "cat >"
   • fixes bugs by patching the binaries
   • can answer any question before you ask
   • writes his own troff macro packages
   • is on firstname basis with Dennis, Bill, Ken and Linus

last modified by Bill Poole on 3-Apr-97.
Useful UNIX commands.
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